The name India may refer to either the region of Greater India (the Indian subcontinent), or to the contemporary Republic of Indiacontained therein. The term is derived from the name of the Sindhu (Indus River) and has been in use in Greek since Herodotus(4th century BC). The term appears in Old English in the 9th century, and again in Modern English since the 17th century.
The Republic of India has three principal short names, in both official and popular English usage, each of which is historically significant. All three originally designated a single entity comprising all the modern nations of the Indian subcontinent. These names are India, Bharat and Hindustan. The first Article of the Constitution of India states that “India, that is Bharat, shall be a union of states.” Thus, India and Bharat are equally official short names for the Republic of India, while “Hindustan” is still widely used as an alternative name when Indians speak amongst themselves. “Hindustan” is also used in historical contexts (especiallyBritish India). Indians commonly refer to their country as Bharat, Hindustan or India depending on the context and language of conversation.India is also known as ?ry?varta (Sanskrit: ?????????, “abode of the Aryans”) because of its Aryan heritage.